【专栏】飞机结构静强度应变现场测试手段展望

目前飞机结构静强度应变现场主要的测试手段为使用电阻应变计测量系统，但电阻应变计测量系统存在抗电磁干扰差、引线过多以及一致性难以保证等问题，测试效果难以保证。近年来，光纤传感以及非接触光学测量手段的迅速发展，为飞机结构静强度应变现场测试提供了多种选择。本文通过分析以数字图像相关法技术为代表的新技术的特点，如通过进行非接触操作消除安装过程中所带来的分散性误差以及不确定性，在应对某些需要定性分析的飞机静强度试验场合时可以实时给出三维应变和位移场数据，使测量技术更加直观，以及可溯源性更好、更容易保证计量特性的稳定等，对未来飞机结构静强度应变现场测试手段进行了展望，以期为相关部门和机构提供参考。     

渐开线环形齿球齿轮传动时变刚度系数

为研究渐开线环形齿球齿轮传动过程中齿轮副间的接触力,基于Hertz弹性接触理论定义了齿面接触点的刚度系数;利用微分几何相关知识,分析了球齿轮的齿面特征,得到了实时啮合点主曲率半径计算公式;研究了重合度系数对啮合刚度的影响,结合球齿轮机构传动特点,推导出任意位置反向啮合点位置计算公式;最后通过一个实例说明球齿轮机构接触点刚度系数具有典型的时变特征.     

Physical and damping properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane composites

The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber (NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The treated kenaf fiber, NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender machine. The polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample board. The sample was cut and prepared and water absorption, density, thickness swelling and DMA tests were performed. As far as physical properties are concerned, composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results, which indicates good fiber bonding adhesion. The polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.     

Synergistic effect of hybrid Himalayan Nettle/Bauhinia-vahlii fibers on physico-mechanical and sliding wear properties of epoxy composites

The cellulosic bast fibers are recognized as a justifiable and biodegradable substitute for producing moderate strength polymer composite materials because of their characteristics of renewability, eco-friendliness, and higher specific strength. Hence the aim of this research work is to fabricate Himalayan bast fibers (Nettle fiber (NF)/bauhinia vahlii fiber (BF)) based mono/hybrid epoxy composites at varying weight percentage of 2–6 wt% and evaluate the physical (void fraction and water absorption), mechanical (tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness) and sliding wear properties of as-fabricated composites. The 6 wt% NBF reinforced composites exhibited higher mechanical properties as compared to NF and BF composites with tensile strength of 34.04 MPa, flexural strength of 42.45 MPa, and hardness of 37.01 H_v respectively. The influence of various control factors (sliding velocity, NF/BF/NBF contents, normal load and sliding distance) on specific sliding wear rate of composites was evaluated by Taguchi (three factors at three levels) experimental design and the percentage contribution of these selected parameters on sliding wear performance was examined by Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The sliding wear property of as-developed composites was found to be greatly influenced by sliding velocity and the wear resistance was observed to be improved with the NF/BF/NBF contents. The wear mechanism of the as-fabricated composites has been elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The research outcomes demonstrated that the hybridization of Bauhinia vahlii fiber with Nettle fiber led to improve the mechanical and wear properties of epoxy composites.     

光纤光栅与分布式光纤感温探测性能研究

传统的火灾自动报警系统工作时需要向现场探测器供电。带电类探测器工作在易燃易爆场所必然存在着不安全因素，而利用光纤光栅及分布式光纤感温探测元件构成的火灾探测报警系统采用光信号测量与传输，实现了探测现场无电检测，从而真正实现了本质安全防爆。在分析光纤光栅与分布式光纤感温探测机理的基础上，通过对比探讨了各自的应用特性。     

鱼雷联接结构可靠性稳健优化设计

将可靠性优化设计理论与可靠性灵敏度分析方法相结合,提出了可靠性稳健优化设计方法.采用该方法对鱼雷螺钉联接结构和楔环联接结构进行了实例分析,并给出了仿真计算结果,为工程实际机械产品的可靠性稳健优化设计提供了理论依据.     

高速布放的微型海光缆下沉状态研究

研究了高速布放的微型海光缆(SFOMC)的下沉状态,分析了洋流、微缆外径、微缆单位长水中重力以及布放速度对下沉状态的影响.计算机仿真结果表明,上升流是影响SFOMC下沉状态的决定性因素,在选择路由时,一定要避开有上升流的海域,同时要加快下沉速度,还应尽量选用外径较小的SFOMC;而下沉速度受SFOMC的单位长水中重力的影响不大,没有必要设计制造大重力的单位长水中重力的SFOMC,且下沉速度与布放平台的航行速度无关.     

光纤陀螺在车载惯性平台稳定回路中的仿真

为了延长车载惯性平台的使用寿命并提高其稳定精度，在原有平台机械结构的基础上，提出采用光纤陀螺代替原有的挠性陀螺作为惯性平台的敏感元件，并重新建立了平台系统稳定回路的数学模型。仿真研究表明该数字稳定回路具有较好的动态和稳态性能，能够满足系统的设计要求。经实验验证，该光纤陀螺惯性平台系统已实现功能要求。     

拉锥光纤耦合的光放大器组件光损耗分析

介绍了拉锥光纤耦合的SOA组件的结构特点 ,并针对该结构计算分析了光耦合损耗的最小值 .为了进一步减小SOA组件的光耦合损耗 ,提出了不对称形式的拉锥光纤耦合的SOA组件结构 .这在原有的制作工艺技术条件下 ,可以将整个组件的光耦合损耗降低 1dB .     

Dynamic modeling and parameter identification of a gun saddle ring

In this study, a theoretical nonlinear dynamic model was established for a saddle ring based on a dynamic force analysis of the launching process and the structure according to contact-impact theory. The ADAMS software was used to build a parameterized dynamic model of the saddle ring. A parameter identification method for the ring was proposed based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A loading test was designed and performed several times at different elevation angles. The response histories of the saddle ring with different loads were then obtained. The parameters of the saddle ring dynamic model were identified from statistics generated at a 50° elevation angle to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. The actual loading history of the ring at a 70° elevation angle was taken as the model input. The response histories of the ring under these working conditions were obtained through a simulation. The simulation results agreed with the actual response. Thus, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed dynamic model were verified, and it provides an effective method for modeling saddle rings.